Modelling of Ejecta as a Space Debris Source

When a micro-debris or a micrometeoroid impacts a spacecraft surface, a large number of secondary particles, called ejecta, are produced. These particles can contribute to a modification of the debris environment: either locally by the occurrence of secondary impacts on the components of complex and large space structures, or at great distance by the formation of a population of small orbital debris. This paper describes firstly, the ejecta overall production, and secondly, the lifetime and the orbital evolution of the particles. Finally the repartition of ejecta in LEO is computed. Some results describing the population as a function of size and altitude are presented.     

奇异摄动法解最优拦截问题

本文应用奇异摄动法探讨水平面内飞机的中远程拦截问题。在介绍航迹优化的一般方法之后,通过采用三重时间尺度分离法建立奇异摄动的数学模型,求出了外层解、边界层解和一致有效的组合解,导出了以推力参数和滚转角为控制变量的最短时间拦截的最优控制律。并以F-4飞机为例,计算了拦截成功的最短时间和最优航迹。其结果可作为空中拦截实时在线优化的参考。     

Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

实现快速轨道大机动的混合制导策略研究

主要研究了在有限推力情况下远程快速轨道交会的制导控制问题,提出了采用速度增益制导结合E制导的混合轨控方案实现两冲量轨道精确交会。通过仿真验证,各方向制导位置控制精度在100 m量级,各方向速度控制精度在m/s量级,2种制导方法能很好地实现交班转换。该方法工程可实现性好,可满足远程快速轨道交会制导要求。     

地球非球形对卫星轨道的长期影响及补偿研究

首先建立了地球非球形引力摄动模型,通过对地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道的长期影响分析发现,地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道升交点赤经和沿迹角的漂移量与时间成近似线性关系;然后推导了通过主动偏置半长轴和倾角的方法来补偿摄动长期影响的计算公式,设计了基于仿真的地球非球形引力摄动补偿方法;最后对GlobalStar星座卫星进行仿真与试验.结果表明,设计的补偿方法是可行的,摄动补偿后在地球非球形引力摄动作用下卫星轨道的长期稳定性得到了很好的保持.     

航空维修差错的研究

从航空维修差错带来的重大危害出发,提出航空维修差错的定义及基本特征,深入分析航空维修差错的几种模式,重点研究了最活跃、最突出的人为差错模式,并指出预防各种差错模式的方法和措施。     

Precise line-of-sight modelling for angles-only relative navigation

This work presents a precise analytical model to reconstruct the line-of-sight vector to a target satellite over time, as required by angles-only relative navigation systems for application to rendezvous missions. The model includes the effects of the geopotential, featuring: the analytical propagation in the mean relative orbital elements (up to second-order expansion), the analytical two-way osculating/mean orbital elements’ conversion (second-order in $J_2$ and up to a given degree and order of the geopotential), and a second-order mapping from the perturbed osculating elements’ set to the local orbital frame. Performances are assessed against the line-of-sight reconstructed out of the precise GPS-based positioning products of the PRISMA mission. The line-of-sight modelled over a far-range one day long scenario can be fitted against the true one presenting residuals of the order of ten arc-seconds, which is below the typical sensor noise at far-range.     

基于纵向滤波的星敏感器低频误差在线估计

多敏感器数据融合是获得更高精度姿态测量的有效方法，敏感器数据融合前必须先修正低频误差。首先，介绍了星敏感器低频误差（LFE）的产生机理及对其在线估计的必要性。其次，针对传统算法的不足，提出了基于纵向滤波的低频误差在线估计算法，该算法将传统低频误差估计问题转化为若干个常值误差估计问题，提高了估计精度。最后，给出了该算法具体实施方式，说明相关参数物理意义及选取原则。通过理论分析及仿真，算法误差可忽略不计。通过在轨数据仿真，星敏感器轨道周期低频误差可被消除。     

多任务在轨服务模块化智能航天器技术研究

首先介绍了在轨服务技术的分类及国内外近期研究进展,结合各国已开展项目的验证情况,分析了在轨服务模式、适应多任务在轨服务航天器的发展思路。为适应卫星发射和在轨服务的任务需要,提出了多任务服务航天器的方案设想,以期降低在轨服务操作的难度,提升在轨服务系统执行多任务的能力。最后初步分析了用于演示验证任务的服务航天器总体参数及任务规划。     

热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。